REDUCCIÓN DE LA RESPUESTA PRODUCIDA POR AMORTIGUAMIENTO Y FLUENCIA EN MARCOS DE ACERO RESISTENTES A MOMENTO DE BAJA, MEDIANA Y GRAN ALTURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18867/ris.110.578Palabras clave:
edificios de acero, marcos de acero resistentes a momento, amortiguamiento viscoso, fluencia del material estructural, sistemas de varios grados de libertadResumen
Se presentan los resultados de un estudio numérico para evaluar la reducción de la respuesta producida por fluencia del material y amortiguamiento viscoso en marcos de acero resistentes a momento (SMRFs) modelados como sistemas complejos de varios grados de libertad. Se consideran tres modelos que representan edificios de acero de baja, media y gran altura. Se muestra que la reducción máxima producida por fluencia ocurre para cortantes de entrepiso, seguida de las de momentos flexionantes, desplazamientos de entrepiso, desplazamiento de azotea y carga axial. Los cortantes de entrepiso elásticos, por ejemplo, pueden ser hasta 300% más grandes que los inelásticos; sin embargo, para cargas axiales, esta cantidad varía de 0% a aproximadamente 70%, mostrando algunas limitaciones de los métodos sísmicos de análisis estático lateral y modal, en donde tanto los cortantes elásticos como las fuerzas en los miembros se reducen en la misma proporción. La implicación de esto es que el uso de métodos simplificados puede dar como resultado diseños no conservadores. Las reducciones producidas por fluencia son mayores que las de amortiguamiento para el caso de cortantes de entrepiso y momentos flexionantes; sin embargo, tales reducciones son mayores para amortiguamiento para cargas axiales. Por lo tanto, no es apropiado expresar las reducciones de la respuesta producida por fluencia en términos de una cantidad fija de amortiguamiento viscoso, como generalmente se adopta en los códigos sísmicos. Esta práctica da como resultado un diseño conservador para cortantes de entrepiso y momentos flexionantes, pero puede ser no conservador para el caso de cargas axiales. Un valor del 5% se puede utilizar en forma conservadora para cortantes de entrepiso y momentos flexionantes.
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