SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STEEL CONNECTIONS IN THE WEAK AXIS OF THE COLUMN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18867/ris.109.631Keywords:
experimental test;, steel connections;, local bucklingAbstract
In this paper, the seismic response of steel frames with connections from I-beam to the minor axis of column is discussed. Experimental tests subjected to quasi-static demands in natural scale were carried out. The connections report a damage concentration governed by the local buckling of flanges, for which the distribution of stresses and the foundation of the normative criteria to improve their response are analyzed. The experimental results are compared considering a finite element model and detailed models of distributed plasticity in OpenSees. Additionally, the envelope curve was obtained to calibrate the inelastic prediction of specialized manuals of nonlinear analysis.
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References
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AISC-358 (2016), Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications, ANSI/AISC 358-16. American Institute of Steel Construction. Chicago, IL, Estados Unidos.
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Chen, S.J. (1999), “Design of Ductile Steel Beam-to-Column Connections for Seismic Resistance,” Workshop on Design Technologies of Earthquake-Resistant Moment Resisting Connections, Taipei, Taiwan.
Choi, J., Stojadinovic, B., and Goel, S.C. (2000), Parametric Tests on the Free Flange Connection, Report SAC/BD-00/02, SAC Joint Venture.
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Gilton C.S., Chi, B. y Uang C.M. (2000), “Cyclic Testing of a Free Flange Moment Connection”, SAC Report 00/19, SAC Joint Venture.
Kim S-E. & Truong V-H. (2020), Reliability Evaluation of Semirigid Steel Frames Using Advanced Analysis, Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, Vol. 146, Issue 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002616
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Lignos D.G., Hartloper A., Elkady A., Hamburger R. y Deierlein G.G. (2018), Revised ASCE-41 Modeling Recommendations for Moment-Resisting Frame Systems, Proceedings of the 11th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, C.A. June.
Maison B.F., y Speicher M.S. (2016), Loading Protocols for ASCE 41 Backbone Curves, Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 2513-2532. November. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/010816EQS007EP
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Popov E.P. y Tsai K.C. (1989) “Performance of Large Seismic Steel Moment Connections Under Cyclic Loads”, Engineering Journal, 2a Quarter, American Institute of Steel Construction.
Ricles J.M., Mao C., Lu L.W. y Fisher J.W. (2000), “Development and Evaluation of Improved Details for Ductile Welded Unreinforced Flange Connections”, SAC BD 00-24, SAC Joint Venture.
SAC (1995), “Interim Guideless: Evaluation, Repair, Modification and Design of Welded Steel Moment Frame Structures. Program to Reduce the Earthquake Hazards of Steel Moment Frame Structures. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Report FEMA 267/SAC-95-02. SAC Joint Venture. Sacramento, California.
SAC (1997), “Interim Guideless Advisory No. 1: Supplement to FEMA 267. Program to Reduce the Earthquake Hazards of Steel Moment Frame Structures. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Report FEMA 267A/SAC-96-03. SAC Joint Venture. Sacramento, California.
Santiago A. (2021), “Comportamiento de Conexiones de Marcos de Acero Ante Demandas Sísmicas”, Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Tapia E. y Tena A. (2001), “Comparación de los efectos observados durante los sismos de México (1985), Northridge (1994) y Kobe (1995) y su impacto en las Normas de Diseño para Estructuras Metálicas del RCDF-2001”, Memorias, XIII Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Sísmica, ID. IV-08. Guadalajara, Jal. Noviembre.
Tapia E, García J.S. y Del Rincón A., (2016), "Estudio paramétrico del modelado inelástico de contravientos de acero", Revista de Ingeniería Sísmica, SMIS. No. 94. Pp. 49-74. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.18867/ris-0
Tapia E. y García J.S. (2019), “Comportamiento de estructuras de acero durante los sismos de septiembre del 2017”, Revista de Ingeniería Sísmica, No. 101, pp. 36-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18867/ris.101.499
Tapia E. y García J.S., (2019a), “Inelastic response of ductile eccentrically braced frames”, Journal of Building Engineering, No. 25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100903
Tapia E., Santiago A., Guerrero H. y Chávez M. (2020), “Comportamiento experimental de conexiones de marcos de acero ante demandas sísmicas”, Revista de Ingeniería Sísmica, No. 103, pp. 37-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18867/ris.103.562
Tapia E. y Rangel G. (2018), Sobrerresistencia del material de perfiles ir de acero A992 con fines de Diseño, Memorias XXI Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Estructural, Campeche, Méx.
Venti M. y Engelhardt M.D. (2000), “Test of a Free Flange Connection with a Composite Floor Slab”, SAC Report 00/18, SAC Joint Venture.
Whittaker A.S. & Gilani A. (1996), “Washington High School Reconstruction - Cyclic Testing of Steel Beam-Column Connections”, Report No. EERCL-STI/96-04, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Tremblay R., Timler P., Bruneau M. y Filiatrault A., (1995), “Performance of steel structures during the 1994 Northridge earthquake”, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 22, pp. 338-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/l95-046
Zhang X., Zheng S. y Zhao X. (2019), Seismic Performance of Steel Beam-to-Column Moment Connections with Different Structural Forms, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 158, pág. 130-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.03.028
AISC-358 (2016), Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications, ANSI/AISC 358-16. American Institute of Steel Construction. Chicago, IL, Estados Unidos.
ASCE 41 (2013), Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, Standard ASCE/SEI 41-13, American Society of Civil Engineers. Reston, VA, Estados Unidos.
ASCE 41 (2017), Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17, American Society of Civil Engineers. Reston, VA, Estados Unidos.
ASTM E3 (2017), Standard Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens. American Standard Testing and Materials, ASTM, American National Standard, West Conshohocken, PA, Estados Unidos.
ASTM E8/E8M-13 (2013), Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM, American National Standard, West Conshohocken, PA, Estados Unidos.
AWS D1.8 (2016), Structural Welding Code – Seismic Supplement, An American National Standard, AWS D1.8/D1.8 M, American Welding Society D1 Committee on Structural Welding, 3a edición.
Chen, S.J. (1999), “Design of Ductile Steel Beam-to-Column Connections for Seismic Resistance,” Workshop on Design Technologies of Earthquake-Resistant Moment Resisting Connections, Taipei, Taiwan.
Choi, J., Stojadinovic, B., and Goel, S.C. (2000), Parametric Tests on the Free Flange Connection, Report SAC/BD-00/02, SAC Joint Venture.
CTBUH (2021), “Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat”, Página de internet. Estados Unidos, consultado 1 de abril 2001, <https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings>.
Engelhardt M.D. y Sabol T.A. (1998), “Reinforcing of Steel Moment Connections with Cover Plates: Benefits and Limitations”, Engineering Structures, Vol. 20, No. 4-6, pp. 510-20, Elsevier, London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00038-2
FEMA-355F (2000), State of the Art Report on Performance Prediction and Evaluations of Steel Moment Frame Buildings, FEMA-355F, prepared by the SAC Joint Venture for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
FEMA 356 (2000), “Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings”, prepared by the American Society of Civil Engineers for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Washington, D.C. United States of America. November.
Gilton C.S., Chi, B. y Uang C.M. (2000), “Cyclic Testing of a Free Flange Moment Connection”, SAC Report 00/19, SAC Joint Venture.
Kim S-E. & Truong V-H. (2020), Reliability Evaluation of Semirigid Steel Frames Using Advanced Analysis, Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, Vol. 146, Issue 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002616
Lee D-S., Kishiki S., Yamada S., Ishida T. y Jiao Y. (2019). Experimental Study of Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of a Welded Web Connection in Steel Moment-Resisting Frames, Earthquake Spectra, Volume 34, Issue 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/062617EQS131M
Lignos D.G., Hartloper A., Elkady A., Hamburger R. y Deierlein G.G. (2018), Revised ASCE-41 Modeling Recommendations for Moment-Resisting Frame Systems, Proceedings of the 11th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, C.A. June.
Maison B.F., y Speicher M.S. (2016), Loading Protocols for ASCE 41 Backbone Curves, Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 2513-2532. November. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/010816EQS007EP
Mazzoni, S., F. McKenna, M. Scott, M y G. Fenves (2006). Open system for earthquake engineering simulation, user command-language manual, Report NEES grid-TR 2004-21. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Noel S. y Uang C.M. (1996), “Cyclic Testing of Steel Moment Connections for the San Francisco Civic Center Complex”, Report TR-96/07, Division of Structural Engineering, U. of California, San Diego, CA.
NTC-DCEA (2020), Normas Técnicas Complementarias para el Diseño y Construcción de Estructuras de Acero y sus Comentarios, Gaceta Oficial de la Ciudad de México, Vigésimo primera época, No. 361, junio.
NTC-DS (2020), Normas Técnicas Complementarias para el Diseño por Sismo y sus Comentarios, Gaceta Oficial de la Ciudad de México, Vigésima primera época, No. 361, junio.
Osteraas J. S.M. & Krawinkler H. (1989), The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985 – Behavior of Steel Buildings, Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 5, No. 1. Pp. 51 – 88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585511
Popov E.P. y Tsai K.C. (1989) “Performance of Large Seismic Steel Moment Connections Under Cyclic Loads”, Engineering Journal, 2a Quarter, American Institute of Steel Construction.
Ricles J.M., Mao C., Lu L.W. y Fisher J.W. (2000), “Development and Evaluation of Improved Details for Ductile Welded Unreinforced Flange Connections”, SAC BD 00-24, SAC Joint Venture.
SAC (1995), “Interim Guideless: Evaluation, Repair, Modification and Design of Welded Steel Moment Frame Structures. Program to Reduce the Earthquake Hazards of Steel Moment Frame Structures. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Report FEMA 267/SAC-95-02. SAC Joint Venture. Sacramento, California.
SAC (1997), “Interim Guideless Advisory No. 1: Supplement to FEMA 267. Program to Reduce the Earthquake Hazards of Steel Moment Frame Structures. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Report FEMA 267A/SAC-96-03. SAC Joint Venture. Sacramento, California.
Santiago A. (2021), “Comportamiento de Conexiones de Marcos de Acero Ante Demandas Sísmicas”, Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Tapia E. y Tena A. (2001), “Comparación de los efectos observados durante los sismos de México (1985), Northridge (1994) y Kobe (1995) y su impacto en las Normas de Diseño para Estructuras Metálicas del RCDF-2001”, Memorias, XIII Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Sísmica, ID. IV-08. Guadalajara, Jal. Noviembre.
Tapia E, García J.S. y Del Rincón A., (2016), "Estudio paramétrico del modelado inelástico de contravientos de acero", Revista de Ingeniería Sísmica, SMIS. No. 94. Pp. 49-74. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.18867/ris-0
Tapia E. y García J.S. (2019), “Comportamiento de estructuras de acero durante los sismos de septiembre del 2017”, Revista de Ingeniería Sísmica, No. 101, pp. 36-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18867/ris.101.499
Tapia E. y García J.S., (2019a), “Inelastic response of ductile eccentrically braced frames”, Journal of Building Engineering, No. 25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100903
Tapia E., Santiago A., Guerrero H. y Chávez M. (2020), “Comportamiento experimental de conexiones de marcos de acero ante demandas sísmicas”, Revista de Ingeniería Sísmica, No. 103, pp. 37-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18867/ris.103.562
Tapia E. y Rangel G. (2018), Sobrerresistencia del material de perfiles ir de acero A992 con fines de Diseño, Memorias XXI Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Estructural, Campeche, Méx.
Venti M. y Engelhardt M.D. (2000), “Test of a Free Flange Connection with a Composite Floor Slab”, SAC Report 00/18, SAC Joint Venture.
Whittaker A.S. & Gilani A. (1996), “Washington High School Reconstruction - Cyclic Testing of Steel Beam-Column Connections”, Report No. EERCL-STI/96-04, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Tremblay R., Timler P., Bruneau M. y Filiatrault A., (1995), “Performance of steel structures during the 1994 Northridge earthquake”, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 22, pp. 338-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/l95-046
Zhang X., Zheng S. y Zhao X. (2019), Seismic Performance of Steel Beam-to-Column Moment Connections with Different Structural Forms, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 158, pág. 130-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.03.028
Published
2022-12-29
How to Cite
Santiago Flores, A., & Tapia Hernández, E. (2022). SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STEEL CONNECTIONS IN THE WEAK AXIS OF THE COLUMN. Journal Earthquake Engineering, (109), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.18867/ris.109.631
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